Every so often, the business software industry's focus goes through a
paradigm shift. I feel we're on the verge of another shift, but it's not the
one you might think.
Originally, we had large centralized mainframe systems that relied on
server-based applications and roll-and-scroll terminals. These systems were
prohibitively expensive for most companies, except for large organizations.
Companies that needed limited computer processing purchased a share or time
on a computer that was hosted and run by a company such as IBM.
The era of server-based systems eventually gave way to a client-server
architecture that was built on desktop PCs. Many applications took advantage
of the advances in desktop systems and stored only their data on central
servers. Some applications were entirely desktop based.
The client-server era was overcome by the explosive growth of the Web and
a reintroduction of applications hosted on central systems. Although this era
is similar to the one in which we started, the return to central servers
didn't end the client-server architecture--it just changed the applications'
focus. With the release of the Microsoft .NET Framework, the Web began
including applications that featured improvements designed to enhance the
users' experience. Microsoft wasn't the only source of improvements; another
good example is the use of Dynamic HTML (DHTML)--aka Asynchronous JavaScript
and XML (AJAX)--in Web applications.
The newest release of the .NET Framework is starting to breathe new life
into client-server based applications. For example, the .NET Framework 2.0
offers ClickOnce deployment. With this feature, you store a client
application on a server and locally install that application on a client. The
application on the client then keeps itself current with the application on
the server.
ClickOnce applications have the potential to drive the paradigm in the
direction of client-based applications again. However, I don't see this
happening because of the upcoming release of Windows Vista, Longhorn Server,
and Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF). I think that WPF's focus on
allowing the same UI to be hosted in a server-based Web application or on a
client will ensure that a paradigm shift back to the client-server
architecture won't occur. Instead, I see a different shift starting.
As I mentioned previously, back in the days of mainframe systems, many
organizations didn't own the central systems they used. However, that
situation changed with the introduction of the client-server architecture.
Most every company purchased one or more servers as well as server-based
applications.
Even though hardware costs are relatively low, many companies are now
seeing the cost of maintaining their servers and server-based applications
become prohibitive. Thus, I see a new era emerging. In this era, companies
will start to eliminate their server-based applications and their extranet
infrastructure and instead allow these applications to live on servers for
which they purchase a share or processing time. Truly large companies will
likely still carry the expense associated with maintaining an internal IT
environment, but many small and midsized companies will move to this hosted
model--even for custom applications.
Vendors are already starting to offer application hosting services. For
example, SalesForce.com offers the AppExchange
(http://www.salesforce.com/appexchange), an on-demand application-sharing
service. As subscribers, companies (and even individual developers) can
design and run applications within the constraints of the AppExchange
platform. If desired, they can have SalesForce.com review their applications
and make them available for other subscribers to use. To use another
subscriber's application, you pay an additional fee, which is paid to the
application's owner/developer. Microsoft Office Live
(http://officelive.microsoft.com/Misc/Links.aspx?linkId=partner) is setting
up a similar service.
As you can see, I'm not projecting this paradigm shift out of thin air.
Companies are already moving in this direction--and this movement is going to
accelerate fast. Combining an on-demand application-sharing model with the
ClickOnce's smart-client capabilities will undoubtedly provide a powerful
paradigm for business software in the coming years.
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