Listing 2: APPLY Solution Using AND Logic

SELECT
  C.CustomerID AS CustID,
  CONVERT(CHAR(8), C.OrderDate, 112) AS OrderDate,
  C.SalesOrderID AS OrderID,
  C.TotalDue,
  DATEDIFF(day, P.OrderDate, C.OrderDate) AS Elapsed,
  C.TotalDue - P.TotalDue AS Diff,
  (C.TotalDue - P.TotalDue) / P.TotalDue * 100 AS Pct
FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS C
  OUTER APPLY
    (SELECT TOP (1) PA.OrderDate, PA.TotalDue
    FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS PA
    WHERE PA.CustomerID = C.CustomerID
      AND (PA.OrderDate <= C.OrderDate
        AND (PA.OrderDate < C.OrderDate
          OR PA.SalesOrderID < C.SalesOrderID))
    ORDER BY PA.OrderDate DESC, PA.SalesOrderID DESC) AS P;